Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a method to determine the composition and content of elements in the substance to be measured by using the characteristic spectra emitted by excited gaseous atoms or ions.

The flame moment temperature of inductively coupled plasma can reach 6000~8000K. When the sample is introduced into the atomizer by the sampler and carried into the flame moment by the argon carrier gas, the components in the sample are atomized, ionized and excited, and the energy is emitted in the form of light. When atoms of different elements are excited or ionized, they emit characteristic spectra of different wavelengths, so qualitative analysis can be made according to the wavelength of characteristic light. The intensity of emission characteristic light varies with the content of elements, which can be used for quantitative analysis.

The sample is ionized and excited in an argon plasma, and the mass of the generated ions is measured.

Using primary X-ray photons or other microscopic particles to excite atoms in the sample under test to produce fluorescence (secondary X-ray) for material composition analysis and chemical morphology study.

In the NO mode, when NO in the gas sample reacts with O3 (ozone) to produce NO2, about 10% of NO2 is in an excited state (represented by NO2). When these excited molecules transition to the ground state, they emit photonic quantum HV with a wavelength of 590 ~ 2500nm, whose intensity is proportional to the amount of NO. The concentration of NO can be calculated by using photomultiplier tube to convert this light energy into electrical signal output.

In NOx mode, the sample gas first enters the NOx conversion device, the NOx in the sample gas includes NO and NO2, in which NO2 is converted into NO here, all NO after reaction, detection, output a direct current proportional to NOx, the digital panel table shows the concentration of NOx.

When the ultraviolet light passes through the gas to be measured, the SO2 molecules with very low concentration in the gas are excited by the ultraviolet light and become excited states, and the molecules emit fluorescence in the process of returning to the ground state. Above the measuring chamber, fluorescence is collected through a quartz convex lens and passed through a narrow-band interference filter, which is picked up by a photomultiplier tube. The rotation of the motor causes the two filters to transmit fluorescence alternately, which generates two different fluorescence electrical signals at two sampling bands in a very short interval of time. These two signals are amplified and calculated by the signal processing system, and finally converted into sulfur dioxide concentration display.